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TRIZ: Systematic Innovation and Problem Solving

TRIZ is a Russian abbreviation for "Theory of Inventive Problem Solving" (in Russian: Теория решения изобретательских задач, Teorija reschenija isobretatelskich sadatsch). TRIZ is a methodology for systematic problem-solving and innovation based on general principles derived from successful inventions. The method originated in the Soviet Union and was developed by Genrich Saulowitsch Altshuller in the 1940s. The aim of TRIZ is to analyse technical problems, identify innovation potential and find solutions that are inventive.

Origin of TRIZ

Altshuller and his colleagues examined around 200,000 patents and identified recurring patterns and principles that enabled innovative solutions. They realized that many inventions were structured in a similar way and had similar approaches to conflict resolution. These findings led to the development of TRIZ, a methodology that promotes creative thinking in a structured, reproducible process and relies on already proven solution principles.

What is TRIZ used for?

TRIZ is a powerful tool that is used in many areas:

• Product development: TRIZ enables innovative products to be developed by identifying and resolving technical contradictions and bottlenecks.

• Process optimization: TRIZ helps to increase efficiency by analyzing and eliminating the causes of inefficiencies.

• Problem solving in research and development: In R&D projects, TRIZ is used to find creative solutions to technical challenges and thus accelerate the innovation process.

TRIZ is applied in various industries, including mechanical engineering, automotive, electronics, and even software development and administration.

Where does TRIZ help and where not?

TRIZ is particularly helpful for problems that involve technical or structural conflicts, such as reducing costs while maintaining quality or improving performance without increasing energy consumption. However, TRIZ has its limits when it comes to completely new technologies or disciplines where there is no empirical data that the method can access. TRIZ is also less effective for problems that are strongly influenced by psychological or social factors, such as in change management or personnel management.

How does TRIZ work? – Step-by-step procedure

TRIZ includes various tools and methods for structured problem solving and innovation. The TRIZ method is divided into several core areas that target specific problem types and solution techniques.

1.       Problem identification and definition

2.       Innovation Principles and the Contradiction Table

3.       Separation Principles to Resolve Physical Contradictions

4.       Algorithm (ARIZ) for the systematic solution of the problems

5.       System of 76 standard solutions from substance-field analysis

6.       Laws of Evolution of the Technical System (S-Curves)

1. Problem identification and definition

At the beginning, the problem is precisely defined and analyzed. The goal is to formulate the "ideal end state" – an optimal solution that solves the problem without creating new problems. For example, a mechanical engineering company might have the problem that a component often fails in the production process, resulting in high costs.

2. Innovation Principles and Contradiction Matrix

The 40 Innovation Principles are a set of creative solution patterns that help overcome technical contradictions. The Contradiction Matrix is a table that shows which of the 40 principles are recommended for a particular type of conflict.

• Innovation principles: These offer solutions such as "segmentation", "asymmetry" or "networking" that provide targeted creative ideas for technical conflicts.

• Contradiction Matrix: The matrix helps to find the appropriate principles by suggesting a selection of principles for typical technical conflicts.

Identification of technical contradictions

TRIZ focuses on so-called technical contradictions, where an improvement in one factor results in a deterioration in another. In our example, the technical contradiction could be: "If the speed of the production machine is increased to increase output, the failure rate of the components increases at the same time."

Applying the 40 Innovation Principles

TRIZ offers 40 innovation principles that can be applied to technological conflicts. These include principles such as "dynamics" (adapting to changing conditions), "merging" (combining functions) or "segmentation" (dividing the system into parts). In the example, the principle of "dynamics" could mean that the speed of the machine is adapted to the production demand in order to reduce the load on the component.

TRIZ's 40 Innovation Principles provide systematic guidance for problem-solving and can help overcome technical contradictions. Here is an overview of the 40 principles:

1. Segmentation: Splitting the system into smaller, independent parts.

2. Extraction: isolate the disturbing or useful part.

3. Local quality change: Make adjustments locally to adapt the solution to different conditions.

4. Asymmetry: Breaking down symmetries to create new possibilities.

5. Combination of features: Combine two or more functions.

6. Multifunctionality: Designing parts to perform multiple tasks.

7. Speed: Change the system to act slower or faster.

8. Anti-weight: Exploit or counteract gravity.

9. Advance Counteraction: Eliminate the causes of negative effects.

10. Pre-treatment measures: Reinforce a possible weak point in advance.

11. Uniform measures: Regular intervals instead of constant measures.

12. Opposite measure: Counteract problem solving.

13. Inversion: Reversing the problem to discover solutions.

14. Spherical geometry: Use alternate geometric shapes.

15. Dynamics: Make parts move so they can adapt.

16. Partial/superfluous measures: Excessive removal or addition.

17. Networked or multiple measures: Networking systems with each other.

18. Vibration: Use vibration energy.

19. Coupling or decoupling: Coupling or decoupling elements with each other.

20. Continuous action: Use a continuous system.

21. Excess measures: Install more than necessary.

22. Color Change: Color change for visual cues.

23. Porous materials: Use ventilated, porous, or permeable materials.

24. Media Change: Replace one medium with another.

25. Self-service: Enable self-diagnosis or repair.

26. Copy: Duplicate system parts or replicate their properties.

27. Inexpensive replacement: Use cost-effective alternatives.

28. Use of mechanical systems: Use mechanical means.

29. Replacement of mechanical systems: Use other systems.

30. Flexible Sleeves and Thin Films: Use flexible, thin material.

31. Porous materials: create ventilation and air circulation.

32. Color Change: Use colors for visual effects.

33. Single-use use: Use single-use products.

34. Removable object: Reshape object so that it retracts.

35. Two out of three: Use only two out of three elements.

36. Use Vibration: Use vibration.

37. Flexibility: Change shape or material.

38. Use what is supplied from the outside: Use the supply from the outside.

39. Increase Range: Increase distance.

40. Transformation and arrangement: Arrange in form and structure.

The Objection Matrix

TRIZ's Contradiction Matrix helps to select the innovation principles for specific technical contradictions. Two types of parameters are considered:

1. Improving parameters: What should be improved?

2. Contradictory parameters: What are the adverse effects of the improvement?

The matrix is organized in the form of a table, with the rows representing the improving parameters and the columns representing the contradictory ones. In each cell of the matrix there is a selection of the 40 innovation principles that are recommended for this specific conflict.

Since a representation of the entire matrix in text form is very extensive, it is helpful to create a visual representation that shows the structure. I can provide you with a diagram that lists the 40 principles and visualizes the general structure of the contradiction matrix. Would you like to receive such a graphic?

Use of the Objection Matrix

TRIZ's Contradiction Matrix helps to select appropriate innovation principles. The matrix lists typical conflicts in systems (such as "strength vs. weight" or "speed vs. stability") and shows which principles are promising. In our example, the contradiction matrix suggests conflicts between speed and reliability and shows relevant principles for conflict resolution.

Two types of parameters are considered:

1. Improving parameters (what should be improved, e.g. weight, strength, efficiency).

2. Contradictory parameters (what are the adverse effects of the improvement, e.g. higher costs, complexity).

The matrix is organized in the form of a table, with the rows representing the improving parameters and the columns representing the contradictory ones. In each cell of the matrix there is a selection of the 40 innovation principles that are recommended for this specific conflict.

Here's a simplified version of the Objection Matrix with some of the most common parameters. In each cell there are some principles (numbered according to the 40 innovation principles) that have proven themselves in this conflict situation.

Explanation of the Matrix

• Rows: Each row specifies the parameter to improve, such as cost or efficiency.

• Columns: Each column specifies the conflicting parameter, such as size or stability.

• Cells: The numbers mentioned in the cells refer to the 40 TRIZ innovation principles. For example:

  • If "costs" are to be improved without sacrificing "stability", principles 13 (inversion), 14 (asymmetry) and 18 (vibration) could be helpful.

Using the Objection Matrix

When applied, you select the cell that describes your specific conflict and use the recommended principles to find innovative solutions.

3. Separation Principles to Solve Physical Contradictions

Physical contradictions arise when a property has to be changed in opposite directions at the same time (e.g. "strong but light"). TRIZ offers separation principles to resolve these conflicts and aims to separate conflicting properties "spatioly", "temporally", "in structure" or "in proportion".

Examples of separation principles:

• Spatial separation: Resolving conflicts by distributing the conflicting requirements to different parts of the system.

• Temporal separation: Implementing functions or properties one after the other instead of simultaneously.

• Structural separation: System parts with different structures, each of which has the required property.

• System Separation (Relationship): Enable conflicting properties only under certain conditions.

4. ARIZ (Algorithm for Solving Inventive Problems)

ARIZ stands for the "Inventive Problem Solving Algorithm" and is the main problem-solving tool in TRIZ. ARIZ is a step-by-step process for solving complex technical problems that takes place in about 85 steps. These steps lead systematically through problem definition, analysis, solution generation and verification.

Procedure of the ARIZ:

·       Problem analysis: The problem is described and analyzed in detail.

·       Contradiction identification: Technical and physical contradictions are identified.

·       Search for resources: Identify possible resources in the system that can help solve the problem.

·       Developing solution ideas: The algorithm leads to creative solution finding through specific questions and patterns.

·       Solution validation: The best solution is selected and validated in practice.

5. Substance-field analysis and the 76 standard solutions

 Substance-field analysis is a method for the analysis and improvement of technical systems. It looks at the interactions between different "substances" and "fields" (e.g. physical forces, materials) and classifies them into typical patterns. The 76 standard solutions are proven solution patterns that were developed on the basis of substance-field analysis.

Here are the 76 standard solutions, divided into categories:

These solutions are designed to eliminate undesirable effects in technical systems or to achieve improvements without introducing new conflicts.

6. Evolutionary laws of technical systems (S-curves)

In TRIZ, the development of technical systems is understood as an evolutionary process described by the laws of evolution . These laws help predict how a system might evolve. The "S-curve" describes the life stage of a system, from its emergence to growth and maturity to ageing.

The most important laws of evolution are:

• Law of completeness: Every technical system evolves until it is fully functional.

• Law of Energy Conductivity: Every system evolves to optimize the flow of energy.

• Law of Coordination of System Parts: A system develops when all parts work together optimally.

• Law of increasing idealization: Systems evolve towards an ideal solution (maximum effect with minimum resources).

• Law of transitions to the micro level: Systems tend to move to smaller and more compact structures.

7. Analysis of resources

TRIZ uses existing resources as leverage for creative solutions. Resources are all elements that are present in the system and can potentially help solve problems. For example, a previously unused technical resource could be used in the production machine to better cool the components. The trimming technique is used to analyze whether and how certain parts or functions can be omitted or replaced in order to simplify the system and make it more efficient. This could be about eliminating a specific maintenance step by improving the component so that this step is no longer necessary.

Practical example: Application of TRIZ in automotive engineering

An automotive manufacturer is faced with the challenge of increasing the stability of the vehicle's body without increasing weight. By applying the contradiction matrix, it is recognized that the "increase strength" and "decrease weight" are considered contradictory requirements. TRIZ recommends principles such as "lightweight construction" and "combination of different materials".

Through these principles, the manufacturer decided to combine aluminum and carbon-fiber composites, resulting in a 25% increase in strength without increasing weight. The solution saved material costs by approximately 5% and reduced the vehicle's energy consumption by approximately 10% compared to the previous design. This combination allowed the manufacturer to increase vehicle stability while improving driving dynamics.

Prerequisites for the successful use of TRIZ

For the application of TRIZ, the following is necessary:

• Expertise in TRIZ methods: Training and experience in using TRIZ are essential.

• System Understanding: A deep understanding of the system or process in question is required.

• Teamwork and interdisciplinary skills: Since TRIZ is often used in a team that covers different disciplines, interdisciplinary knowledge is important.

• Data and information: Analyzing resources and contradictions requires up-to-date and detailed data.

Step-by-step instructions

Here's a step-by-step guide to running a TRIZ project. This guide helps to implement a structured approach to problem solving according to the TRIZ methodology:

Step 1: Problem definition and goal setting

• Clarify the problem: Describe the problem precisely and identify the desired improvement or solution.

• Set goals: Set measurable goals, such as reducing costs, increasing performance, or reducing materials.

• Develop system understanding: Analyze the current system (e.g., products, processes) and how it works.

Step 2: Analysis of the contradictions

• Identify technical inconsistencies: Determine the conflicting parameters, such as stability vs. weight, efficiency vs. cost. Define what needs to be improved and what negative consequences this could have.

• Identify physical contradictions: If the problem has a physical contradiction (e.g., "must be easy and hard at the same time"), document it.

Step 3: Contradiction solution with the contradiction matrix

• Use Matrix: Use the TRIZ Contradiction Matrix to find recommendations for appropriate innovation principles that can resolve the specific contradiction.

• Select innovation principles: Choose the innovation principles that the matrix proposes and develop initial solution ideas based on these principles.

Step 4: Apply the 40 Innovation Principles

• Idea development based on the principles: Translate the recommended innovation principles into creative ideas. For example, the principle of "segmentation" could help break down the product into smaller parts to increase flexibility.

• Idea evaluation: Evaluate the ideas generated in terms of their feasibility, cost, and potential effectiveness.

Step 5: Analysis with the separation principles (in case of physical contradictions)

If there are physical contradictions, use the separation principles to develop solutions:

• Spatial separation: Enable conflicting properties in different areas of the system.

• Temporal separation: Use properties or functions at different times.

• Structural separation: Use separate parts or structures to achieve the conflicting characteristics.

Step 6: Application of the Substance-Field Analysis and the 76 Standard Solutions

• Create a substance-field model: Analyze the interactions between the substances and fields in the system.

• Select standard solutions: Choose from the 76 standard solutions to solve problems in the substance-field interactions and develop suitable solutions.

Step 7: Use of the ARIZ (for complex or hard-to-solve problems)

If the problem is particularly complex, use ARIZ (Inventive Problem Solving Algorithm):

• Problem analysis and specification: Determine the main contradiction and analyze the associated resources in detail.

• Solution development and selection: Follow the structured ARIZ algorithm to ideate and evaluate the best solution.

• Solution implementation and review: Implement the chosen solution and check its effectiveness.

Step 8: Implementation and validation of the solution

• Develop a prototype or concept: Create an initial prototype or concept of the best solution.

• Test and optimization: Test the solution under realistic conditions and optimize it as needed.

• Evaluation of results: Verify that the solution meets the original goals and objectives.

Step 9: Implementation and Tracking

• Implement the solution: Integrate the solution into the existing system or production line.

• Measure success: Measure the results of the implementation (e.g., cost savings, increased efficiency).

• Track and improve: Keep an eye on the solution to identify long-term optimization opportunities and make adjustments.

Documentation of results and knowledge transfer

Create a final documentation of the project with the results, the solution approach and the successes. Use this documentation to disseminate TRIZ knowledge in the organization and support future projects.

Successes and savings potential through TRIZ

TRIZ can help companies increase their speed of innovation, reduce development costs, and enter new markets. In a medical technology example, TRIZ developed an innovative solution for the blood pressure sensor, which was 30% cheaper to produce while maintaining accuracy and brought to market 12 months earlier.

The potential savings from TRIZ are difficult to give a general percentage, as the successes depend heavily on the nature of the problem, the industry sector, the implementation strategy and the complexity of the system. In practice, however, companies have often seen significant effects from TRIZ, especially in the form of cost reductions, time savings, and efficiency gains. Some companies report savings of between 10% and 30% in production costs or development times.

Here are some areas of savings that TRIZ methods can support:

·       Reduction of material and production costs: The selection and use of materials is often optimized through the targeted application of innovation principles and standard solutions. This has enabled companies to save up to 20-30% on material costs in manufacturing.

·       Reduction of development time: ARIZ and the Contradiction Matrix can help to speed up development processes, as the finding of solutions is systematic. Some companies see a 20-40% reduction in development time with TRIZ.

·       Increased efficiency and system life: By optimizing existing systems or transitioning to ideal solutions, energy and resource utilization can be improved, resulting in savings of 10-20% in energy and maintenance costs.

Can you "buy" TRIZ?

TRIZ itself is not a software or a physical product, but a methodology. However, there are various TRIZ software solutions and tools (e.g. CREAX, Goldfire Innovator) that help companies with their application. These software packages are usually paid for and offer additional features such as databases that help analyze patents and technology trends.

There are numerous guides and templates for using TRIZ, which are available in the form of books, training materials, online resources and software. Here are some resources where you can find TRIZ materials and templates:

Free online resources

• TRIZ Journal: This online platform offers many articles, guides, and case studies on the TRIZ methodology and covers various applications and innovation techniques. It is a valuable source of practical examples and in-depth explanations.

• TRIZ40.com: A website that offers an interactive version of the 40 Innovation Principles and the Contradiction Matrix. Here you can quickly access the 40 principles and view application examples.

• TRIZ Wiki: An open-source platform that provides comprehensive information on the principles and tools of TRIZ. It contains descriptions of the innovation principles, the contradiction matrix, and instructions for application.

TRIZ software and tools for download

• CREAX: CREAX is a well-known TRIZ software that is geared towards the systematic application of the TRIZ methodology. The software includes tools for problem analysis, the contradiction matrix, resource management, and more. It is paid, but offers a free trial.

• Ideation Office TRIZ: This software provides tools to analyze and apply the TRIZ principles and is aimed at businesses and professional users. Ideation often offers training and webinars as well.

• TRIZ Builder: A free tool for visualizing and editing the TRIZ principles and tools. It includes modules on the Contradiction Matrix and other TRIZ tools.

• evi: One: Generating ideas is only the first step. The subsequent realisation is of crucial importance. The evi: software is a suitable tool to facilitate the realisation of ideas. After an individual workshop, the evi: Master is familiar with the functions of the software. With the help of the evi: software, he guides those responsible within a project to all relevant questions. In this way, the product is optimised step by step in the software instead of having to be ‘reworked’ through feedback after development.

  
  

But it is much more important to understand the principle. First in the 2nd step, the use of software and templates makes sense.

Books and training materials

• "TRIZ – The Systematic Path to Innovation" by Nikolai Shpakovsky and Igor Kaidarov: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the TRIZ methodology and contains templates, application examples and checklists for implementation.

• "And Suddenly the Inventor Appeared" by Genrich Altshuller: Altshuller's book is a classic and gives a deep insight into the theory behind TRIZ and the application of the various principles and tools.

• E-books and white papers: Many consultants and training providers offer free or low-cost e-books that explain the basics and use cases of TRIZ.

Downloadable templates

• Miro and Mural Templates: Digital whiteboard tools such as Miro and Mural offer TRIZ templates, including the Contradiction Matrix and templates for the 40 Innovation Principles. These are often available free of charge in the template catalog and make it easier to work in a team.

• Excel and PDF templates: Many TRIZ institutes and consulting firms offer Excel or PDF templates for the Objection Matrix and Innovation Principles. Templates often include checklists, step-by-step instructions, and visual representations of the TRIZ methodology.

Courses and trainings

Platforms like Udemy, Coursera, and LinkedIn Learning offer TRIZ courses that include materials such as presentations, templates, and case studies. Tools and templates are also often included as part of the course, which are made available for download. However, in order to be able to use and apply TRIZ to the full extent and optimally, professional education and training are advisable. For this purpose, there are experienced, certified trainers approved by TRIZ European Campus, such as: TRIZ Consulting Group or Konzeptwert.

Result

TRIZ is a valuable method for structured problem solving and innovation, which is used successfully especially in technical and engineering fields. The methodology simplifies access to inventive solutions, shortens development times and increases the efficiency of problem-solving processes. The application of TRIZ can be complex, but it brings a high success rate in solving inventive problems and optimizing technical systems.